Testicular cancer may be rare, but it’s one of the most common cancers in young men aged 15 to 35. That makes early awareness incredibly important.
Despite its high survival rate when caught early, many young men don’t talk about it or even know the early signs of testicular cancer. It often goes unnoticed until it becomes more serious.
That’s why this blog focuses on what young men need to know—how to spot symptoms, when to take action, and how a simple self-exam could save your life.
What Is Testicular Cancer?
Testicular cancer starts in the testicles, which are part of the male reproductive system. Most cases start in the germ cells, which produce sperm.
There are two main types:
- Seminomas: Grow slowly, usually found in older men but can still occur in young adults.
- Non-seminomas: Faster-growing, more common in younger men.
The good news? When diagnosed early, it’s one of the most treatable cancers—with a survival rate of over 95%.
Common Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
The symptoms of testicular cancer are often subtle and painless. That’s why they’re easy to ignore. Look out for:
- A lump or swelling in either testicle
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- A dull ache in the lower belly or groin
- Sudden build-up of fluid in the scrotum
- Breast tenderness or enlargement
- Unexplained fatigue or back pain
Pain is not always present. In many cases, a lump or swelling is the first sign.
What Causes Testicular Cancer in Young Men?
The exact cause isn’t always known, but these risk factors raise the chances:
- Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
- Family history of testicular cancer
- HIV infection
- History of abnormal testicle development
- Age 15–35 is the peak risk window
- White men are at higher risk compared to other races
Even with no known risk factors, testicular cancer can still occur.
How to Perform a Testicular Self-Exam
A testicular self-exam is simple, takes less than 2 minutes, and should be done monthly.
Here’s how:
- Stand in the shower or after a warm bath. Warmth relaxes the scrotum.
- Use both hands. Roll each testicle gently between thumb and fingers.
- Feel for lumps, hardness, or changes. One testicle may be slightly larger—that’s normal.
- Check for swelling or pain. Also note any change in size, shape, or consistency.
If you feel a lump, swelling, or anything new, don’t wait. See a doctor right away.
Diagnosing Testicular Cancer
If there’s a concern, your doctor may:
- Perform a physical exam
- Order ultrasound imaging of the testicle
- Run blood tests for tumor markers like AFP, hCG, and LDH
- Recommend a surgical biopsy if cancer is suspected
Accurate diagnosis is fast and essential. The sooner it’s done, the better the outcome.
Treatment Options for Testicular Cancer in Young Men
Treatment depends on the cancer’s type and stage. Common options include:
1. Surgery (Orchiectomy)
- Removes the affected testicle.
- Often the first step in treatment.
- Does not affect sexual function or ability to father children if one testicle remains.
2. Radiation Therapy
- Common for seminoma-type tumors.
- Targets remaining cancer cells.
3. Chemotherapy
- Used if cancer has spread.
- Highly effective in young men.
4. Surveillance
- For very early cases, doctors may monitor closely after surgery.
- Avoids overtreatment but requires regular scans and blood tests.
Most men return to full health and normal life after treatment.
The Mental Health Impact
Even with high survival rates, the emotional toll is real.
- Fear of cancer recurrence
- Concerns about fertility
- Body image issues
- Anxiety and depression
Support groups, counseling, and honest conversations are crucial in healing beyond the body.
Prevention & Awareness
There’s no guaranteed way to prevent testicular cancer in young men, but awareness makes a big difference:
- Perform monthly testicular self-exams
- Report changes early
- Educate friends and loved ones
- Don’t ignore discomfort or changes
The earlier it’s found, the easier it is to treat—and cure.
FAQ: Testicular Cancer in Young Men
Q: Does testicular cancer hurt?
A: Not always. Many cases are painless. That’s why regular self-checks are vital.
Q: Can I still have children after treatment?
A: Yes, in most cases. Fertility may be reduced, so sperm banking is often advised before treatment.
Q: How fast does it spread?
A: It varies. Non-seminomas grow faster than seminomas, but early detection stops spread effectively.
